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import {AvroEncoder} from './AvroEncoder';
import {AvroSchemaValidator} from './AvroSchemaValidator';
import type {
AvroSchema,
AvroRecordSchema,
AvroEnumSchema,
AvroArraySchema,
AvroMapSchema,
AvroUnionSchema,
AvroFixedSchema,
AvroNamedSchema,
AvroNullSchema,
} from './types';
/**
* Apache Avro binary encoder with schema validation and encoding.
* Encodes values according to provided Avro schemas with proper validation.
* Based on https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.12.0/specification/
*/
export class AvroSchemaEncoder {
private encoder: AvroEncoder;
private validator: AvroSchemaValidator;
private namedSchemas = new Map<string, AvroNamedSchema>();
constructor(public readonly writer: IWriter & IWriterGrowable) {
this.encoder = new AvroEncoder(writer);
this.validator = new AvroSchemaValidator();
}
/**
* Encodes a value according to the provided schema.
*/
public encode(value: unknown, schema: AvroSchema, selectedIndex?: number): Uint8Array {
this.writer.reset();
this.namedSchemas.clear();
// Validate schema first
if (!this.validator.validateSchema(schema)) {
throw new Error('Invalid Avro schema');
}
// Validate value against schema
if (!this.validator.validateValue(value, schema)) {
throw new Error('Value does not conform to schema');
}
this.collectNamedSchemas(schema);
if (Array.isArray(schema) && selectedIndex !== undefined) {
this.writeUnion(value, schema, selectedIndex);
} else {
this.writeValue(value, schema);
}
return this.writer.flush();
}
/**
* Writes a null value with schema validation.
*/
public writeNull(schema: AvroNullSchema | AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'null');
this.encoder.writeNull();
}
/**
* Writes a boolean value with schema validation.
*/
public writeBoolean(value: boolean, schema: AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'boolean');
this.encoder.writeBoolean(value);
}
/**
* Writes an int value with schema validation.
*/
public writeInt(value: number, schema: AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'int');
if (!Number.isInteger(value) || value < -2147483648 || value > 2147483647) {
throw new Error('Value is not a valid 32-bit integer');
}
this.encoder.writeInt(value);
}
/**
* Writes a long value with schema validation.
*/
public writeLong(value: number | bigint, schema: AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'long');
this.encoder.writeLong(value);
}
/**
* Writes a float value with schema validation.
*/
public writeFloat(value: number, schema: AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'float');
this.encoder.writeFloat(value);
}
/**
* Writes a double value with schema validation.
*/
public writeDouble(value: number, schema: AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'double');
this.encoder.writeDouble(value);
}
/**
* Writes a bytes value with schema validation.
*/
public writeBytes(value: Uint8Array, schema: AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'bytes');
this.encoder.writeBin(value);
}
/**
* Writes a string value with schema validation.
*/
public writeString(value: string, schema: AvroSchema): void {
this.validateSchemaType(schema, 'string');
this.encoder.writeStr(value);
}
/**
* Writes a record value with schema validation.
*/
public writeRecord(value: Record<string, unknown>, schema: AvroRecordSchema): void {
Iif (typeof schema === 'object' && schema.type !== 'record') {
throw new Error('Schema is not a record schema');
}
const recordSchema = this.resolveSchema(schema) as AvroRecordSchema;
Iif (recordSchema.type !== 'record') {
throw new Error('Schema is not a record schema');
}
for (let i = 0; i < recordSchema.fields.length; i++) {
const field = recordSchema.fields[i];
const fieldValue = value[field.name];
if (fieldValue !== undefined) {
this.writeValue(fieldValue, field.type);
} else if (field.default !== undefined) {
this.writeValue(field.default, field.type);
} else E{
throw new Error(`Missing required field: ${field.name}`);
}
}
}
/**
* Writes an enum value with schema validation.
*/
public writeEnum(value: string, schema: AvroEnumSchema): void {
Iif (typeof schema === 'object' && schema.type !== 'enum') {
throw new Error('Schema is not an enum schema');
}
const enumSchema = this.resolveSchema(schema) as AvroEnumSchema;
Iif (enumSchema.type !== 'enum') {
throw new Error('Schema is not an enum schema');
}
const index = enumSchema.symbols.indexOf(value);
Iif (index === -1) {
throw new Error(`Invalid enum value: ${value}`);
}
this.writeVarIntSigned(this.encodeZigZag32(index));
}
/**
* Writes an array value with schema validation.
*/
public writeArray(value: unknown[], schema: AvroArraySchema): void {
Iif (typeof schema === 'object' && schema.type !== 'array') {
throw new Error('Schema is not an array schema');
}
const arraySchema = this.resolveSchema(schema) as AvroArraySchema;
Iif (arraySchema.type !== 'array') {
throw new Error('Schema is not an array schema');
}
// Write array length
this.writeVarIntUnsigned(value.length);
// Write array items
const length = value.length;
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
this.writeValue(value[i], arraySchema.items);
}
// Write end-of-array marker
this.writeVarIntUnsigned(0);
}
/**
* Writes a map value with schema validation.
*/
public writeMap(value: Record<string, unknown>, schema: AvroMapSchema): void {
Iif (typeof schema === 'object' && schema.type !== 'map') {
throw new Error('Schema is not a map schema');
}
const mapSchema = this.resolveSchema(schema) as AvroMapSchema;
Iif (mapSchema.type !== 'map') {
throw new Error('Schema is not a map schema');
}
const entries = Object.entries(value);
// Write map length
this.writeVarIntUnsigned(entries.length);
// Write map entries
const length = entries.length;
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
const entry = entries[i];
this.encoder.writeStr(entry[0]);
this.writeValue(entry[1], mapSchema.values);
}
// Write end-of-map marker
this.writeVarIntUnsigned(0);
}
/**
* Writes a union value with schema validation.
*/
public writeUnion(value: unknown, schema: AvroUnionSchema, selectedIndex?: number): void {
Iif (!Array.isArray(schema)) {
throw new Error('Schema is not a union schema');
}
let index = selectedIndex;
if (index === undefined) {
// Find the first matching schema in the union
index = schema.findIndex((subSchema) => this.validator.validateValue(value, subSchema));
Iif (index === -1) {
throw new Error('Value does not match any schema in the union');
}
}
if (index < 0 || index >= schema.length) {
throw new Error('Invalid union index');
}
// Write union index
this.writeVarIntSigned(this.encodeZigZag32(index));
// Write the value according to the selected schema
this.writeValue(value, schema[index]);
}
/**
* Writes a fixed value with schema validation.
*/
public writeFixed(value: Uint8Array, schema: AvroFixedSchema): void {
Iif (typeof schema === 'object' && schema.type !== 'fixed') {
throw new Error('Schema is not a fixed schema');
}
const fixedSchema = this.resolveSchema(schema) as AvroFixedSchema;
Iif (fixedSchema.type !== 'fixed') {
throw new Error('Schema is not a fixed schema');
}
Iif (value.length !== fixedSchema.size) {
throw new Error(`Fixed value length ${value.length} does not match schema size ${fixedSchema.size}`);
}
this.writer.buf(value, value.length);
}
/**
* Generic number writing with schema validation.
*/
public writeNumber(value: number, schema: AvroSchema): void {
const resolvedSchema = this.resolveSchema(schema);
const schemaType =
typeof resolvedSchema === 'string'
? resolvedSchema
: Array.isArray(resolvedSchema)
? 'union'
: resolvedSchema.type;
switch (schemaType) {
case 'int':
this.writeInt(value, schema);
break;
case 'long':
this.writeLong(value, schema);
break;
case 'float':
this.writeFloat(value, schema);
break;
case 'double':
this.writeDouble(value, schema);
break;
default:
throw new Error(`Schema type ${schemaType} is not a numeric type`);
}
}
/**
* Writes a value according to its schema.
*/
private writeValue(value: unknown, schema: AvroSchema): void {
const resolvedSchema = this.resolveSchema(schema);
if (typeof resolvedSchema === 'string') {
switch (resolvedSchema) {
case 'null':
this.encoder.writeNull();
break;
case 'boolean':
this.encoder.writeBoolean(value as boolean);
break;
case 'int':
this.encoder.writeInt(value as number);
break;
case 'long':
this.encoder.writeLong(value as number | bigint);
break;
case 'float':
this.encoder.writeFloat(value as number);
break;
case 'double':
this.encoder.writeDouble(value as number);
break;
case 'bytes':
this.encoder.writeBin(value as Uint8Array);
break;
case 'string':
this.encoder.writeStr(value as string);
break;
default:
throw new Error(`Unknown primitive type: ${resolvedSchema}`);
}
return;
}
if (Array.isArray(resolvedSchema)) {
this.writeUnion(value, resolvedSchema);
return;
}
switch (resolvedSchema.type) {
case 'record':
this.writeRecord(value as Record<string, unknown>, resolvedSchema);
break;
case 'enum':
this.writeEnum(value as string, resolvedSchema);
break;
case 'array':
this.writeArray(value as unknown[], resolvedSchema);
break;
case 'map':
this.writeMap(value as Record<string, unknown>, resolvedSchema);
break;
case 'fixed':
this.writeFixed(value as Uint8Array, resolvedSchema);
break;
default:
throw new Error(`Unknown schema type: ${(resolvedSchema as any).type}`);
}
}
private validateSchemaType(schema: AvroSchema, expectedType: string): void {
const resolvedSchema = this.resolveSchema(schema);
const actualType =
typeof resolvedSchema === 'string'
? resolvedSchema
: Array.isArray(resolvedSchema)
? 'union'
: resolvedSchema.type;
if (actualType !== expectedType) {
throw new Error(`Expected schema type ${expectedType}, got ${actualType}`);
}
}
private resolveSchema(schema: AvroSchema): AvroSchema {
if (typeof schema === 'string') {
const namedSchema = this.namedSchemas.get(schema);
return namedSchema || schema;
}
return schema;
}
private collectNamedSchemas(schema: AvroSchema): void {
if (typeof schema === 'string' || Array.isArray(schema)) {
return;
}
if (typeof schema === 'object' && schema !== null) {
switch (schema.type) {
case 'record': {
const recordSchema = schema as AvroRecordSchema;
const recordFullName = this.getFullName(recordSchema.name, recordSchema.namespace);
this.namedSchemas.set(recordFullName, recordSchema);
recordSchema.fields.forEach((field) => this.collectNamedSchemas(field.type));
break;
}
case 'enum': {
const enumSchema = schema as AvroEnumSchema;
const enumFullName = this.getFullName(enumSchema.name, enumSchema.namespace);
this.namedSchemas.set(enumFullName, enumSchema);
break;
}
case 'fixed': {
const fixedSchema = schema as AvroFixedSchema;
const fixedFullName = this.getFullName(fixedSchema.name, fixedSchema.namespace);
this.namedSchemas.set(fixedFullName, fixedSchema);
break;
}
case 'array':
this.collectNamedSchemas((schema as AvroArraySchema).items);
break;
case 'map':
this.collectNamedSchemas((schema as AvroMapSchema).values);
break;
}
}
}
private getFullName(name: string, namespace?: string): string {
return namespace ? `${namespace}.${name}` : name;
}
/**
* Writes a variable-length integer using Avro's encoding (for lengths)
*/
private writeVarIntUnsigned(value: number): void {
const writer = this.writer;
let n = value >>> 0; // Convert to unsigned 32-bit
while (n >= 0x80) {
writer.u8((n & 0x7f) | 0x80);
n >>>= 7;
}
writer.u8(n & 0x7f);
}
/**
* Writes a variable-length integer using Avro's encoding (for signed values with zigzag)
*/
private writeVarIntSigned(value: number): void {
const writer = this.writer;
let n = value >>> 0; // Convert to unsigned 32-bit
while (n >= 0x80) {
writer.u8((n & 0x7f) | 0x80);
n >>>= 7;
}
writer.u8(n & 0x7f);
}
/**
* Encodes a 32-bit integer using zigzag encoding
*/
private encodeZigZag32(value: number): number {
return (value << 1) ^ (value >> 31);
}
}
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